MMA, GIZ e TNC lançam publicações sobre APPs e PSA na Mata Atlântica

Para o secretário executivo do MMA, Francisco Gaetani, os livros vão ajudar a instrumentalizar as políticas ambientais do País.

Que alternativas econômicas podem ser oferecidas a pequenos produtores rurais para a complementação da renda familiar que também podem contribuir para a restauração de áreas degradadas? Que resultados podem ocorrer quando áreas destinadas à preservação são ocupadas pelo homem de maneira irregular?

Para responder a estes questionamentos e contribuir para a elaboração de políticas públicas ambientais, o MMA, a Agência Alemã de Cooperação Internacional para o Desenvolvimento (GIZ), e a ONG The Nature Conservancy (TNC) lançaram nesta terça-feira (21/6), em Brasília, as publicações Pagamentos por Serviços Ambientais na Mata Atlântica – Lições aprendidas e desafios e Áreas de Preservação Permanente e Unidades de Conservação x Áreas de Risco – O que uma coisa tem a ver com a outra?

Na opinião do secretário executivo do MMA, Francisco Gaetani, os livros vão ajudar a instrumentalizar as políticas ambientais. “Muitas das propostas do MMA precisam de fundamentação e as obras vão dar munição para essas discussões. Os estudos realizados contribuem também para que o ministério avance mais em suas ações, já que queremos aprofundar e qualificar a agenda de preservação e de desenvolvimento sustentável.”

Gaetani ressaltou que o MMA deve ter uma agenda positiva de comando e controle de iniciativas, e acrescentou que, em tempos de debate do Código Florestal, mais pessoas estarão conscientes da importância das ações de preservação.

APPS x Áreas de risco

A publicação Áreas de Preservação Permanente x Áreas de Risco – O que uma coisa tem a ver com a outra? faz uma análise de deslizamentos ocorridos em uma área de 6 mil hectares na região serrana do Rio de Janeiro, que foi afetada pelas chuvas no começo de 2011.

Os técnicos do MMA avaliaram 657 deslizamentos ocorridos e constataram que, em 92% dos casos levantados, os acidentes foram ocasionados pela ocupação indevida do homem. Apenas em 8% dos casos não foi possível identificar a pressão antrópica, e nesses locais as áreas estavam mais preservadas.

De acordo com Wigold Schaffer, coordenador do estudo, as regiões mais afetadas são exatamente aquelas que o Código Florestal determina ser protegidas: margens de rios, encostas com alta declividade, áreas nos topos de morros, montanhas e serras. “A constatação é que as áreas protegidas são as que oferecem riscos quando ocupadas. O estudo demonstra que a intervenção antrópica contribuiu para os resultados que ocasionaram em perdas humanas e patrimoniais”, disse.

Schaffer contou que as áreas de agricultura consolidadas em APPS também foram muito atingidas. Além da perda da lavoura, da safra e do solo, houve ainda a morte de cerca de 40 agricultores que construíram suas casas dentro de APPs.

O livro mostra, ainda, imagens comparativas das áreas avaliadas antes e depois da tragédia, e demonstra que nos trechos onde as APPS foram preservadas não houve perdas significativas econômicas, de infraestrutura e de vidas humanas.

Pagamentos por Serviços Ambientais

A outra publicação lançada ontem, sobre Pagamentos por Serviços Ambientais (PSA), aborda as 78 iniciativas nas áreas de carbono, biodiversidade e água que já estão em curso na Mata Atlântica. Os projetos contribuem, por exemplo, para a restauração de matas ciliares, proteção e conservação da biodiversidade e ações de conservação e manutenção de recursos hídricos. Além disso, são uma alternativa para complementar a renda de produtores rurais da região, evitando atividades econômicas que comprometam o bioma.

Para Ana Cristina Barros, representante da TNC no Brasil, os pagamentos por serviços ambientais apresentam um potencial de recuperação de 15 milhões de hectares da Mata Atlântica. E ainda podem contribuir para a regularização ambiental dos produtores.

Ascom-Rezende

Fonte: Ministério do Meio Ambiente

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