Ministério revisa tarifa de importação de glifosato chinês

A pedido da multinacional Monsanto, o Ministério do Desenvolvimento, Indústria e Comércio Exterior (MDIC) irá revisar a sobretaxa aplicada atualmente sobre as importações brasileiras do herbicida glifosato produzido na China. A abertura do processo de revisão da tarifa – aplicada para neutralizar os efeitos do dumping praticado pelos chineses – deve abrir um novo conflito nos bastidores entre os produtores rurais e a multinacional Monsanto, a única fabricante de glifosato no Brasil.

Desde junho do ano passado, é aplicada uma sobretaxa de no máximo US$ 2,52 por quilo de glifosato chinês que esteja com o preço abaixo de US$ 3,60. Segundo o MDIC, está constatado que a tarifa existente não é suficiente para neutralizar o dumping praticado pelos chineses e que isso tem gerado prejuízos à produção nacional.

– Esse avanço, a sobretaxa, não foi capaz de garantir um patamar adequado de proteção à indústria brasileira que permitisse uma concorrência justa com o glifosato chinês – alegou a Monsanto.

Os ruralistas defendem a derrubada da taxa sob pretexto de reduzir custos de produção e evitar o domínio absoluto da Monsanto no mercado. O produto é um herbicida usado em vários cultivos, principalmente de soja e cana-de-açúcar. O glifosato é essencial para as plantações de sementes transgênicas, porque acaba com pragas sem danificar a planta.

A multinacional argumenta que o produto tem sido vendido no Brasil a preços abaixo dos praticados no mercado interno chinês e já ameaçou fechar sua fábrica de glifosato, instalada na Bahia. A Monsanto alega também que é preciso proteger a indústria nacional. Desde que a alíquota foi reduzida, segundo a multinacional, várias empresas saíram do mercado doméstico porque não conseguiram enfrentar os preços mais baixos do produto chinês. Esse movimento teria deixado a Monsanto como a única produtora de glifosato no país. A expectativa da Monsanto é a de que o governo brasileiro, ao realizar a investigação do caso, decida por intensificar o direito atual, adotando medida que proteja a produção nacional.

O Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento (Mapa) mantém a posição de que a tarifa de importação permaneça a mais baixa possível para que o produtor tenha acesso não só à oferta doméstica, mas também à internacional. E acredita que a concorrência externa permite que os agricultores não fiquem nas mãos de uma só empresa e que os preços baixem, reduzindo os custos de produção. Em fevereiro de 2009, o então ministro da Agricultura, Reinhold Stephanes, endossou a proposta de deputados da Frente Parlamentar da Agropecuária (FPA) para a redução a zero da alíquota de importação do glifosato chinês.

Por outro lado, o Ministério do Desenvolvimento se preocupa com o risco de fechamento da indústria de glifosato no Brasil. O MDIC fixou um prazo de no máximo 12 meses para encerrar a revisão da tarifa atual. Em 2009 o glifosato ácido era exportado ao Brasil pela China por US$ 4,16 o quilo e o glifosato formulado 360 gramas chegava ao país por US$ 2,84 o litro. Com base no mercado europeu, o governo concluiu que os preços de mercado seriam US$ 9,78 e US$ 8,54, respectivamente.

Por outro lado, as vendas internas de glifosato da Monsanto caíram 24,7% entre 2007 e 2009, enquanto o consumo nacional apresentou crescimento. A participação da empresa no consumo doméstico caiu 45,1% em dois anos. As margens de lucro também se reduziram e ficaram negativas em 2009.

A briga em torno do preço do herbicida chinês foi iniciada em 2001, com a abertura da primeira investigação de dumping contra o produto chinês. Em 2003, a Câmara de Comércio Exterior (Camex) fixou uma alíquota de 35,8% por cinco anos. No início de 2009, os ministros aprovaram a última redução da tarifa antidumping – de 2,9% para 2,1%.

Ascom – Armênio

Fonte: Agência Estado

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