ESPECIAL – Brasil caminha para ser livre da febre aftosa
Tornar o Brasil livre da febre aftosa com vacinação, até o fim deste ano, é meta do Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento (Mapa). “Para isso, estamos buscando o fortalecimento dos serviços veterinários oficiais nas regiões Norte e Nordeste, com a estruturação de escritórios, contratação e capacitação de profissionais e melhoria da vigilância. Além disso, desenvolvemos campanhas de vacinação diferenciadas, com agulha oficial em 12 municípios da Calha do Rio Amazonas e no Amapá”, ressalta o secretário de Defesa Agropecuária, Francisco Jardim. O ministério está realizando auditorias para avaliar o funcionamento dos serviços veterinários estaduais e as atividades desenvolvidas naquelas regiões.
Hoje, todos os estados e o Distrito Federal participam das campanhas de vacinação, exceto Santa Catarina, reconhecido pela Organização Mundial de Saúde Animal (OIE), como livre de febre aftosa sem vacinação desde 2007.
Ao todo, 14 estados e o Distrito Federal são livres da doença com vacinação: Acre, Bahia, Espírito Santo, Goiás, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais, Paraná, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Sul, Rondônia, São Paulo, Sergipe e Tocantins. O centro-sul do Pará (46 municípios) e as cidades de Boca do Acre e Guajará (Amazonas) apresentam a mesma classificação. Os demais estados da região Nordeste e o nordeste do Pará são considerados como médio risco para a doença; Roraima e noroeste do Pará, como alto risco, e Amazonas e Amapá, risco desconhecido.
A doença foi detectada na Itália, em 1514. No Brasil, o primeiro registro ocorreu em 1895, no Triângulo Mineiro. Como prevenção, o Ministério da Agricultura realiza ações desde 1934, quando foi publicado o Regulamento do Serviço de Defesa Sanitária Animal. Mas as instruções específicas para seu controle, que incluía a vacinação, foram definidas em 1950, e as campanhas organizadas tiveram início em 1965. Os pioneiros nessa ação foram os estados do Rio Grande do Sul, que vacinou2,07 milhões de bovinos, do total de 11,6 milhões, e o Paraná, que imunizou 3,8 mil bovinos, de 3,4 milhões de animais estimados na época. As características geográficas, estruturais, econômicas e produtivas do País foram desafios enfrentados nessa luta. Por isso, a parceria de todos os setores envolvidos foi decisiva para superá-los.
“Tivemos um marco na década de 70, quando foi realizada a primeira vacinação em massa de bovinos, com vacina oleosa, no município de Valença/RJ. O objetivo era proteger melhor e por mais tempo os animais. A vacina aquosa, usada na época, conferia menor proteção, dificultando e encarecendo seu uso”, ressalta o coordenador do Programa Nacional de Erradicação e Prevenção da Febre Aftosa (Pnefa) do Ministério da Agricultura, Plínio Lopes. Em 1996, o Brasil passou a utilizar somente vacina oleosa contra febre aftosa.
Em 1976 foi registrado o maior número de focos da doença, com 10,2 mil casos. Desde abril de 2006, o Brasil não registra nenhum caso, sendo o último em Mato Grosso do Sul.
“Quem suspeitar da doença em algum animal deve informar imediatamente ao serviço veterinário oficial mais próximo, que tomará as providências necessárias. Para evitar a disseminação, é importante que o produtor interrompa a movimentação de todos os animais, seus produtos e subprodutos, até que seja autorizado pelo serviço veterinário oficial”, explica Lopes.
A febre aftosa é uma doença altamente contagiosa, que causa febre e vesículas (bolhas) na boca, narinas, focinho, tetas e pés dos animais de casco fendido. As principais espécies suscetíveis são bovinos, búfalos, ovinos, caprinos e suídeos, podendo também ser acometidos veados, cervos e camelos.
Ascom-Rezende
Fonte: MAPA
Mais informações www.agricultura.gov.br, no banner Febre Aftosa, todos por um País livre da doença. (Kelly Beltrão)
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