Brasil lidera avanço de cultivo transgênico

Plantio de sementes modificadas cresce 35% em 2009 e país se torna 2º maior produtor global, passando a Argentina
Para especialista, cultivo de transgênicos na Argentina chegou ao seu limite; nos EUA, maior produtor global, aumento foi de 2% em 2009

Com a autorização governamental para o plantio de milho transgênico, o Brasil foi o país em que mais cresceu a área cultivada de sementes modificadas, fazendo com que ultrapassasse pela primeira vez a Argentina e se tornasse o segundo maior produtor desse tipo de semente, ficando atrás apenas dos Estados Unidos.

No ano passado, os produtores brasileiros aumentaram a área de cultivo de transgênicos em 35,4%, acrescentando 5,6 milhões de hectares a um território que agora soma 21,4 milhões de hectares. O avanço do cultivo no Brasil representou mais da metade do crescimento mundial em 2009, que foi de 9 milhões de hectares, ou 7% mais que no ano anterior, segundo a ISAAA (Serviço Internacional para Aquisição de Aplicações em Agrobiotecnologia, na sigla em inglês).

Para ter uma ideia do avanço brasileiro, no levantamento divulgado em 2004 (o primeiro em que o país aparece), a estimativa era que os produtores tinham plantado 3 milhões de hectares de soja transgênica, ou 15% do total da área cultivada com a leguminosa. Em 2009, a cultura transgênica alcançava 71% da área cultivada apenas com soja, representando 21,4 milhões de hectares.

A maior parte do crescimento brasileiro se deve ao avanço da cultura de milho transgênico. Em 2009, o país plantou 5 milhões de hectares da variedade resistente a insetos, um aumento de cerca de 400% em relação a 2008, quando o Conselho Nacional de Biossegurança autorizou o plantio e a comercialização de duas variedades de milho transgênico.

A expansão do milho no país (que inclui as safras de verão e inverno) foi a maior registrada no mundo no ano passado entre as sementes transgênicas.

Para Clive James, presidente da ISAAA (que é uma ONG de fomento à divulgação de informações do setor de biotecnologia), ainda há espaço para o aumento do cultivo no país de sementes modificadas de soja e milho, além do algodão.

“Os países em desenvolvimento continuaram a comandar uma participação crescente nos plantios mundiais, com o Brasil exibindo claramente o seu potencial para se tornar o futuro motor propulsor de crescimento na América Latina”, disse James na apresentação do relatório ontem.

O cenário brasileiro é, portanto, diferente do argentino, de quem o país tomou, por 100 mil hectares, o segundo lugar em área cultivada de transgênicos. De acordo com Alda Lerayer, diretora-executiva do Conselho de Informações sobre Biotecnologia, a produção no país vizinho chegou a um “platô”. “A área já chegou ao seu limite”, afirmou. A Argentina acrescentou 300 mil hectares em relação a 2008.

Lerayer disse que 100% da soja plantada na Argentina é geneticamente modificada, enquanto o milho já alcança 85%, e o algodão também tem um índice “bem alto”.

Nos EUA, que são o líder global de cultivo de transgênicos, a área plantada com esse tipo de variedade cresceu cerca de 2% em 2009. (ÁLVARO FAGUNDES)

Frase

“O Brasil [exibe] claramente o seu potencial para se tornar o futuro propulsor de crescimento [do plantio] na América Latina” (CLIVE JAMES)

Ascom-Rezende

Fonte: Notícias Agrícolas /presidente da ONG ISAAA

NOTA: Clik na foto para ampliar

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